| Common Name: | SATIN POLYURETHANE CLEAR |
| Manufacturer: | SHERWIN-WILLIAMS |
| SDS Revision Date: | 3/21/2017 |
| SDS Format: | GHS-US |
| Item Number(s): | 54TJ66 |
| Manufacturer Model Number(s): |
SDS Table of Contents
Click the desired link below to jump directly to that section in the SDS.
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Z05071339-EXP
| SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION |  |
PRODUCT NAME: SATIN POLYURETHANE CLEAR
PRODUCT CODE: Z05071339-EXP
OTHER MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION: NOT AVAILABLE.
CAS #: NOT APPLICABLE.
PRODUCT TYPE: SPRAY
RELEVANT IDENTIFIED USES OF THE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE AND USES ADVISED
AGAINST: NOT APPLICABLE.
MANUFACTURER:
THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS COMPANY
101 PROSPECT AVENUE N.W.
CLEVELAND, OHIO 44115
EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER OF THE COMPANY: (216) 566-2917
PRODUCT INFORMATION TELEPHONE NUMBER: NOT AVAILABLE.
REGULATORY INFORMATION TELEPHONE NUMBER: (216) 566-2902
TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER: (800) 424-9300
| SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION | |
OSHA/HCS STATUS:
THIS MATERIAL IS CONSIDERED HAZARDOUS BY THE OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION
STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1200).
CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE:
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS: CATEGORY 1
GASES UNDER PRESSURE: COMPRESSED GAS
SERIOUS EYE DAMAGE/ EYE IRRITATION: CATEGORY 2A
TOXIC TO REPRODUCTION (FERTILITY): CATEGORY 2
TOXIC TO REPRODUCTION (UNBORN CHILD): CATEGORY 2
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE) (RESPIRATORY TRACT
IRRITATION): CATEGORY 3
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE) (NARCOTIC EFFECTS):
CATEGORY 3
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (REPEATED EXPOSURE): CATEGORY 1
PERCENTAGE OF THE MIXTURE CONSISTING OF INGREDIENT(S) OF UNKNOWN ACUTE
TOXICITY: 33.3%
GHS LABEL ELEMENTS:
HAZARD PICTOGRAMS:
FLAME
GAS CYLINDER
HEALTH HAZARD
EXCLAMATION MARK
SIGNAL WORD: DANGER
HAZARD STATEMENTS:
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE AEROSOL.
CONTAINS GAS UNDER PRESSURE; MAY EXPLODE IF HEATED.
CAUSES SERIOUS EYE IRRITATION.
SUSPECTED OF DAMAGING FERTILITY OR THE UNBORN CHILD.
MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.
MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS OR DIZZINESS.
CAUSES DAMAGE TO ORGANS THROUGH PROLONGED OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS:
GENERAL:
READ LABEL BEFORE USE. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. IF MEDICAL ADVICE IS
NEEDED, HAVE PRODUCT CONTAINER OR LABEL AT HAND.
PREVENTION:
OBTAIN SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE. DO NOT HANDLE UNTIL ALL SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS HAVE BEEN READ AND UNDERSTOOD. WEAR PROTECTIVE GLOVES. WEAR EYE
OR FACE PROTECTION. WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, HOT
SURFACES, SPARKS, OPEN FLAMES AND OTHER IGNITION SOURCES. NO SMOKING. DO
NOT SPRAY ON AN OPEN FLAME OR OTHER IGNITION SOURCE. USE ONLY OUTDOORS OR
IN A WELL-VENTILATED AREA. DO NOT BREATHE VAPOR. DO NOT EAT, DRINK OR SMOKE
WHEN USING THIS PRODUCT. WASH HANDS THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING.
PRESSURIZED CONTAINER: DO NOT PIERCE OR BURN, EVEN AFTER USE.
RESPONSE:
GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IF YOU FEEL UNWELL.
IF EXPOSED OR CONCERNED: GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
IF INHALED:
REMOVE PERSON TO FRESH AIR AND KEEP COMFORTABLE FOR BREATHING.
CALL A POISON CENTER OR PHYSICIAN IF YOU FEEL UNWELL.
IF IN EYES:
RINSE CAUTIOUSLY WITH WATER FOR SEVERAL MINUTES. REMOVE CONTACT LENSES, IF
PRESENT AND EASY TO DO. CONTINUE RINSING. IF EYE IRRITATION PERSISTS: GET
MEDICAL ATTENTION.
STORAGE:
STORE LOCKED UP. PROTECT FROM SUNLIGHT. DO NOT EXPOSE TO TEMPERATURES
EXCEEDING 50 DEG. C/122 DEG. F. STORE IN A WELL-VENTILATED PLACE.
DISPOSAL:
DISPOSE OF CONTENTS AND CONTAINER IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL LOCAL, REGIONAL,
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS.
SUPPLEMENTAL LABEL ELEMENTS:
DANGER:
RAGS, STEEL WOOL, OTHER WASTE SOAKED WITH THIS PRODUCT, AND SANDING RESIDUE
MAY SPONTANEOUSLY CATCH FIRE IF IMPROPERLY DISCARDED. IMMEDIATELY PLACE
RAGS, STEEL WOOL, OTHER WASTE SOAKED WITH THIS PRODUCT, AND SANDING RESIDUE
IN A SEALED, WATER-FILLED, METAL CONTAINER. DISPOSE OF IN ACCORDANCE WITH
LOCAL FIRE REGULATIONS. DELAYED EFFECTS FROM LONG TERM OVEREXPOSURE.
CONTAINS SOLVENTS WHICH CAN CAUSE PERMANENT BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM
DAMAGE. INTENTIONAL MISUSE BY DELIBERATELY CONCENTRATING AND INHALING THE
CONTENTS CAN BE HARMFUL OR FATAL.
WARNING:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE
CANCER AND BIRTH DEFECTS OR OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM.
PLEASE REFER TO THE SDS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF
CHILDREN. KEEP UPRIGHT IN A COOL, DRY PLACE. DO NOT DISCARD EMPTY CAN IN
TRASH COMPACTOR.
HAZARDS NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED: NONE KNOWN.
| SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS | |
SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE: MIXTURE
OTHER MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION: NOT AVAILABLE.
CAS NUMBER/OTHER IDENTIFIERS:
INGREDIENT NAME % BY WEIGHT CAS NUMBER
ACETONE 41 67-64-1
MED. ALIPHATIC 15.94 64742-88-7
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
PROPANE 13.77 74-98-6
BUTANE 13.23 106-97-8
LIGHT ALIPHATIC 1.98 64742-49-0
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LIGHT ALIPHATIC 1.98 68410-97-9
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LT. ALIPHATIC 1.57 64742-89-8
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
ANY CONCENTRATION SHOWN AS A RANGE IS TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY OR IS DUE
TO BATCH VARIATION.
THERE ARE NO ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS PRESENT WHICH, WITHIN THE CURRENT
KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUPPLIER AND IN THE CONCENTRATIONS APPLICABLE, ARE
CLASSIFIED AS HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH AND HENCE REQUIRE REPORTING IN THIS
SECTION.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS, IF AVAILABLE, ARE LISTED IN SECTION 8.
| SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES | |
DESCRIPTION OF NECESSARY FIRST AID MEASURES:
EYE CONTACT: GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
INHALATION:
IF IT IS SUSPECTED THAT FUMES ARE STILL PRESENT, THE RESCUER SHOULD WEAR AN
APPROPRIATE MASK OR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. IT MAY BE DANGEROUS
TO THE PERSON PROVIDING AID TO GIVE MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION. GET
MEDICAL ATTENTION. IF NECESSARY, CALL A POISON CENTER OR PHYSICIAN.
SKIN CONTACT:
CONTINUE TO RINSE FOR AT LEAST 10 MINUTES. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
INGESTION:
GET MEDICAL ATTENTION. IF NECESSARY, CALL A POISON CENTER OR PHYSICIAN.
MOST IMPORTANT SYMPTOMS/EFFECTS, ACUTE AND DELAYED:
POTENTIAL ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS:
EYE CONTACT: CAUSES SERIOUS EYE IRRITATION.
INHALATION:
CAN CAUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DEPRESSION. MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS OR
DIZZINESS. MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.
SKIN CONTACT: NO KNOWN SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OR CRITICAL HAZARDS.
INGESTION: CAN CAUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DEPRESSION.
OVER-EXPOSURE SIGNS/SYMPTOMS:
EYE CONTACT:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
PAIN OR IRRITATION
WATERING
REDNESS
INHALATION:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION
COUGHING
NAUSEA OR VOMITING
HEADACHE
DROWSINESS/FATIGUE
DIZZINESS/VERTIGO
UNCONSCIOUSNESS
REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT
INCREASE IN FETAL DEATHS
SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS
SKIN CONTACT:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT
INCREASE IN FETAL DEATHS
SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS
INGESTION:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT
INCREASE IN FETAL DEATHS
SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS
INDICATION OF IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION AND SPECIAL TREATMENT NEEDED, IF
NECESSARY:
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN:
TREAT SYMPTOMATICALLY. CONTACT POISON TREATMENT SPECIALIST IMMEDIATELY IF
LARGE QUANTITIES HAVE BEEN INGESTED OR INHALED.
SPECIFIC TREATMENTS: NO SPECIFIC TREATMENT.
PROTECTION OF FIRST-AIDERS:
NO ACTION SHALL BE TAKEN INVOLVING ANY PERSONAL RISK OR WITHOUT SUITABLE
TRAINING. IF IT IS SUSPECTED THAT FUMES ARE STILL PRESENT, THE RESCUER
SHOULD WEAR AN APPROPRIATE MASK OR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. IT
MAY BE DANGEROUS TO THE PERSON PROVIDING AID TO GIVE MOUTH-TO-MOUTH
RESUSCITATION.
SEE TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION (SECTION 11)
| SECTION 5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES | |
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
SUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
USE AN EXTINGUISHING AGENT SUITABLE FOR THE SURROUNDING FIRE.
UNSUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: NONE KNOWN.
SPECIFIC HAZARDS ARISING FROM THE CHEMICAL:
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE AEROSOL. IN A FIRE OR IF HEATED, A PRESSURE INCREASE
WILL OCCUR AND THE CONTAINER MAY BURST, WITH THE RISK OF A SUBSEQUENT
EXPLOSION. GAS MAY ACCUMULATE IN LOW OR CONFINED AREAS OR TRAVEL A
CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO A SOURCE OF IGNITION AND FLASH BACK, CAUSING FIRE
OR EXPLOSION. BURSTING AEROSOL CONTAINERS MAY BE PROPELLED FROM A FIRE AT
HIGH SPEED. RUNOFF TO SEWER MAY CREATE FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARD.
HAZARDOUS THERMAL DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS:
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS:
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
SPECIAL PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR FIRE-FIGHTERS:
PROMPTLY ISOLATE THE SCENE BY REMOVING ALL PERSONS FROM THE VICINITY OF THE
INCIDENT IF THERE IS A FIRE. NO ACTION SHALL BE TAKEN INVOLVING ANY
PERSONAL RISK OR WITHOUT SUITABLE TRAINING. MOVE CONTAINERS FROM FIRE AREA
IF THIS CAN BE DONE WITHOUT RISK. USE WATER SPRAY TO KEEP FIRE-EXPOSED
CONTAINERS COOL.
SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR FIRE-FIGHTERS:
| SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES | |
PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS, PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES:
FOR NON-EMERGENCY PERSONNEL:
IN THE CASE OF AEROSOLS BEING RUPTURED, CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN DUE TO THE
RAPID ESCAPE OF THE PRESSURIZED CONTENTS AND PROPELLANT. IF A LARGE NUMBER
OF CONTAINERS ARE RUPTURED, TREAT AS A BULK MATERIAL SPILLAGE ACCORDING TO
THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE CLEAN-UP SECTION. SHUT OFF ALL IGNITION SOURCES.
NO FLARES, SMOKING OR FLAMES IN HAZARD AREA.
FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS:
IF SPECIALIZED CLOTHING IS REQUIRED TO DEAL WITH THE SPILLAGE, TAKE NOTE OF
ANY INFORMATION IN SECTION 8 ON SUITABLE AND UNSUITABLE MATERIALS. SEE ALSO
THE INFORMATION IN "FOR NON-EMERGENCY PERSONNEL".
ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS: NO SPECIFIC HAZARD.
METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR CONTAINMENT AND CLEANING UP:
SMALL SPILL: USE SPARK-PROOF TOOLS AND EXPLOSION-PROOF EQUIPMENT.
LARGE SPILL: USE SPARK-PROOF TOOLS AND EXPLOSION-PROOF EQUIPMENT.
NOTE:
SEE SECTION 1 FOR EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION AND SECTION 13 FOR WASTE
DISPOSAL.
| SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE | |
PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING:
PROTECTIVE MEASURES:
PRESSURIZED CONTAINER:
PROTECT FROM SUNLIGHT AND DO NOT EXPOSE TO TEMPERATURES EXCEEDING 50 DEG.
C. DO NOT PIERCE OR BURN, EVEN AFTER USE. AVOID EXPOSURE - OBTAIN SPECIAL
INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE. AVOID EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY. DO NOT HANDLE
UNTIL ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS HAVE BEEN READ AND UNDERSTOOD. DO NOT GET IN
EYES OR ON SKIN OR CLOTHING. USE ONLY WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. WEAR
APPROPRIATE RESPIRATOR WHEN VENTILATION IS INADEQUATE. STORE AND USE AWAY
FROM HEAT, SPARKS, OPEN FLAME OR ANY OTHER IGNITION SOURCE. USE
EXPLOSION-PROOF ELECTRICAL (VENTILATING, LIGHTING AND MATERIAL HANDLING)
EQUIPMENT. USE ONLY NON-SPARKING TOOLS.
ADVICE ON GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE:
WORKERS SHOULD WASH HANDS AND FACE BEFORE EATING, DRINKING AND SMOKING.
REMOVE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT BEFORE ENTERING
EATING AREAS. SEE ALSO SECTION 8 FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON HYGIENE
MEASURES.
CONDITIONS FOR SAFE STORAGE, INCLUDING ANY INCOMPATIBILITIES:
STORE IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL REGULATIONS. PROTECT FROM SUNLIGHT. STORE
LOCKED UP. ELIMINATE ALL IGNITION SOURCES.
| SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION | |
CONTROL PARAMETERS:
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OSHA UNITED STATES):
INGREDIENT NAME EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACETONE ACGIH TLV (UNITED STATES, 3/2016).
TWA: 250 PPM 8 HOURS.
STEL: 500 PPM 15 MINUTES.
NIOSH REL (UNITED STATES, 10/2013).
TWA: 250 PPM 10 HOURS.
TWA: 590 MG/M3 10 HOURS.
OSHA PEL (UNITED STATES, 6/2016).
TWA: 1000 PPM 8 HOURS.
TWA: 2400 MG/M3 8 HOURS.
MED. ALIPHATIC OSHA PEL (UNITED STATES, 6/2016).
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT TWA: 100 PPM 8 HOURS.
TWA: 400 MG/M3 8 HOURS.
PROPANE NIOSH REL (UNITED STATES, 10/2013).
TWA: 1000 PPM 10 HOURS.
TWA: 1800 MG/M3 10 HOURS.
OSHA PEL (UNITED STATES, 6/2016).
TWA: 1000 PPM 8 HOURS.
TWA: 1800 MG/M3 8 HOURS.
BUTANE NIOSH REL (UNITED STATES, 10/2013).
TWA: 800 PPM 10 HOURS.
TWA: 1900 MG/M3 10 HOURS.
ACGIH TLV (UNITED STATES, 3/2016).
STEL: 1000 PPM 15 MINUTES.
LIGHT ALIPHATIC NONE.
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LIGHT ALIPHATIC NONE.
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LT. ALIPHATIC NONE.
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (CANADA):
INGREDIENT NAME EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACETONE CA ALBERTA PROVINCIAL (CANADA, 4/2009).
8 HRS OEL: 1200 MG/M3 8 HOURS.
15 MIN OEL: 1800 MG/M3 15 MINUTES.
8 HRS OEL: 500 PPM 8 HOURS.
15 MIN OEL: 750 PPM 15 MINUTES.
CA BRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL (CANADA,
5/2015).
TWA: 250 PPM 8 HOURS.
STEL: 500 PPM 15 MINUTES.
CA ONTARIO PROVINCIAL (CANADA, 7/2015).
TWA: 500 PPM 8 HOURS.
STEL: 750 PPM 15 MINUTES.
CA QUEBEC PROVINCIAL (CANADA, 1/2014).
TWAEV: 500 PPM 8 HOURS.
TWAEV: 1190 MG/M3 8 HOURS.
STEV: 1000 PPM 15 MINUTES.
STEV: 2380 MG/M3 15 MINUTES.
CA SASKATCHEWAN PROVINCIAL (CANADA,
7/2013).
STEL: 750 PPM 15 MINUTES.
TWA: 500 PPM 8 HOURS.
MED. ALIPHATIC CA QUEBEC PROVINCIAL (CANADA, 1/2014).
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT TWAEV: 400 PPM 8 HOURS.
TWAEV: 1590 MG/M3 8 HOURS.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (MEXICO):
INGREDIENT NAME EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACETONE NOM-010-STPS (MEXICO, 4/2016).
LMPE-PPT: 500 PPM 8 HOURS.
LMPE-CT: 750 PPM 15 MINUTES.
PROPANE NOM-010-STPS (MEXICO, 4/2016).
LMPE-PPT: 1000 PPM 8 HOURS.
BUTANE NOM-010-STPS (MEXICO, 4/2016).
LMPE-PPT: 1000 PPM 8 HOURS.
APPROPRIATE ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
USE ONLY WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. USE PROCESS ENCLOSURES, LOCAL EXHAUST
VENTILATION OR OTHER ENGINEERING CONTROLS TO KEEP WORKER EXPOSURE TO
AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS BELOW ANY RECOMMENDED OR STATUTORY LIMITS. THE
ENGINEERING CONTROLS ALSO NEED TO KEEP GAS, VAPOR OR DUST CONCENTRATIONS
BELOW ANY LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMITS. USE EXPLOSION-PROOF VENTILATION
EQUIPMENT.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONTROLS:
EMISSIONS FROM VENTILATION OR WORK PROCESS EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE CHECKED TO
ENSURE THEY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
LEGISLATION. IN SOME CASES, FUME SCRUBBERS, FILTERS OR ENGINEERING
MODIFICATIONS TO THE PROCESS EQUIPMENT WILL BE NECESSARY TO REDUCE
EMISSIONS TO ACCEPTABLE LEVELS.
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEASURES:
HYGIENE MEASURES:
WASH HANDS, FOREARMS AND FACE THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING CHEMICAL PRODUCTS,
BEFORE EATING, SMOKING AND USING THE LAVATORY AND AT THE END OF THE WORKING
PERIOD. APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES SHOULD BE USED TO REMOVE POTENTIALLY
CONTAMINATED CLOTHING. WASH CONTAMINATED CLOTHING BEFORE REUSING. ENSURE
THAT EYEWASH STATIONS AND SAFETY SHOWERS ARE CLOSE TO THE WORKSTATION
LOCATION.
EYE/FACE PROTECTION:
SAFETY EYEWEAR COMPLYING WITH AN APPROVED STANDARD SHOULD BE USED WHEN A
RISK ASSESSMENT INDICATES THIS IS NECESSARY TO AVOID EXPOSURE TO LIQUID
SPLASHES, MISTS, GASES OR DUSTS. IF CONTACT IS POSSIBLE, THE FOLLOWING
PROTECTION SHOULD BE WORN, UNLESS THE ASSESSMENT INDICATES A HIGHER DEGREE
OF PROTECTION: CHEMICAL SPLASH GOGGLES.
SKIN PROTECTION:
HAND PROTECTION:
BODY PROTECTION:
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR THE BODY SHOULD BE SELECTED BASED ON THE
TASK BEING PERFORMED AND THE RISKS INVOLVED AND SHOULD BE APPROVED BY A
SPECIALIST BEFORE HANDLING THIS PRODUCT. WHEN THERE IS A RISK OF IGNITION
FROM STATIC ELECTRICITY, WEAR ANTISTATIC PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. FOR THE
GREATEST PROTECTION FROM STATIC DISCHARGES, CLOTHING SHOULD INCLUDE
ANTI-STATIC OVERALLS, BOOTS AND GLOVES.
OTHER SKIN PROTECTION:
APPROPRIATE FOOTWEAR AND ANY ADDITIONAL SKIN PROTECTION MEASURES SHOULD BE
SELECTED BASED ON THE TASK BEING PERFORMED AND THE RISKS INVOLVED AND
SHOULD BE APPROVED BY A SPECIALIST BEFORE HANDLING THIS PRODUCT.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION:
| SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | |
APPEARANCE:
PHYSICAL STATE: LIQUID.
COLOR: VARIOUS
ODOR: NOT AVAILABLE.
ODOR THRESHOLD: NOT AVAILABLE.
PH: 7
MELTING POINT: NOT AVAILABLE.
BOILING POINT: NOT AVAILABLE.
FLASH POINT:
CLOSED CUP: -29 DEG. C (-20.2 DEG. F) [PENSKY-MARTENS CLOSED CUP]
EVAPORATION RATE: 5.6 (BUTYL ACETATE = 1)
FLAMMABILITY (SOLID, GAS): NOT AVAILABLE.
LOWER AND UPPER EXPLOSIVE (FLAMMABLE) LIMITS:
LOWER: 0.9%
UPPER: 12.8%
VAPOR PRESSURE: 101.3 KPA (760 MM Hg) [AT 20 DEG. C]
VAPOR DENSITY: 1.55 [AIR = 1]
RELATIVE DENSITY: 0.7
SOLUBILITY: NOT AVAILABLE.
PARTITION COEFFICIENT N-OCTANOL/WATER: NOT AVAILABLE.
AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE: NOT AVAILABLE.
DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE: NOT AVAILABLE.
VISCOSITY:
KINEMATIC (40 DEG. C (104 DEG. F)): >0.205 CM2/S (>20.5 CST)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: NOT APPLICABLE.
AEROSOL PRODUCT:
TYPE OF AEROSOL: SPRAY
HEAT OF COMBUSTION: 32.31 KJ/G
| SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY | |
REACTIVITY:
NO SPECIFIC TEST DATA RELATED TO REACTIVITY AVAILABLE FOR THIS PRODUCT OR
ITS INGREDIENTS.
CHEMICAL STABILITY: THE PRODUCT IS STABLE.
POSSIBILITY OF HAZARDOUS REACTIONS:
UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS OF STORAGE AND USE, HAZARDOUS REACTIONS WILL NOT
OCCUR.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID:
AVOID ALL POSSIBLE SOURCES OF IGNITION (SPARK OR FLAME).
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS: NO SPECIFIC DATA.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS:
UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS OF STORAGE AND USE, HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION
PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT BE PRODUCED.
| SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION | |
INFORMATION ON TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
ACUTE TOXICITY:
PRODUCT/INGREDIENT RESULT SPECIES DOSE EXPOSURE
NAME
ACETONE LD50 ORAL RAT 5800 MG/KG
BUTANE LC50 INHALATION RAT 658000 MG/M3 4 HOURS
VAPOR
LIGHT ALIPHATIC LD50 ORAL RAT 5.17 G/KG -
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
IRRITATION/CORROSION:
PRODUCT/INGREDIENT RESULT SPECIES SCORE EXPOSURE OBSERVATION
NAME
ACETONE EYES - MILD HUMAN 186300 PARTS
IRRITANT PER MILLION
EYES - MILD RABBIT 10
IRRITANT MICROLITERS
EYES - RABBIT 24 HOURS 20
MODERATE MILLIGRAMS
IRRITANT
EYES - RABBIT 20
SEVERE MILLIGRAMS
IRRITANT
SKIN - MILD RABBIT 24 HOURS
IRRITANT 500
MILLIGRAMS
SKIN - MILD RABBIT 395
IRRITANT MILLIGRAMS
SENSITIZATION: NOT AVAILABLE.
MUTAGENICITY: NOT AVAILABLE.
CARCINOGENICITY: NOT AVAILABLE.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY: NOT AVAILABLE.
TERATOGENICITY: NOT AVAILABLE.
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE):
NAME CATEGORY ROUTE OF TARGET ORGANS
EXPOSURE
ACETONE CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
MED. ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
PROPANE CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
BUTANE CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
LIGHT ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
LIGHT ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
LT. ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 3 NOT APPLICABLE. RESPIRATORY TRACT
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT IRRITATION AND
NARCOTIC EFFECTS
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (REPEATED EXPOSURE):
NAME CATEGORY ROUTE OF TARGET ORGANS
EXPOSURE
ACETONE CATEGORY 2 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
MED. ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 1 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
PROPANE CATEGORY 2 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
BUTANE CATEGORY 2 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
LIGHT ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 2 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LIGHT ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 2 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LT. ALIPHATIC CATEGORY 2 NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
ASPIRATION HAZARD:
NAME RESULT
MED. ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT ASPIRATION HAZARD - CATEGORY 1
PROPANE ASPIRATION HAZARD - CATEGORY 1
BUTANE ASPIRATION HAZARD - CATEGORY 1
LIGHT ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT ASPIRATION HAZARD - CATEGORY 1
LIGHT ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT ASPIRATION HAZARD - CATEGORY 1
LT. ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT ASPIRATION HAZARD - CATEGORY 1
INFORMATION ON THE LIKELY ROUTES OF EXPOSURE: NOT AVAILABLE.
POTENTIAL ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS:
EYE CONTACT: CAUSES SERIOUS EYE IRRITATION.
INHALATION:
CAN CAUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DEPRESSION. MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS OR
DIZZINESS. MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.
SKIN CONTACT: NO KNOWN SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OR CRITICAL HAZARDS.
INGESTION: CAN CAUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DEPRESSION.
SYMPTOMS RELATED TO THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS:
EYE CONTACT:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
PAIN OR IRRITATION
WATERING
REDNESS
INHALATION:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION
COUGHING
NAUSEA OR VOMITING
HEADACHE
DROWSINESS/FATIGUE
DIZZINESS/VERTIGO
UNCONSCIOUSNESS
REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT
INCREASE IN FETAL DEATHS
SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS
SKIN CONTACT:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT
INCREASE IN FETAL DEATHS
SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS
INGESTION:
ADVERSE SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
REDUCED FETAL WEIGHT
INCREASE IN FETAL DEATHS
SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS
DELAYED AND IMMEDIATE EFFECTS AND ALSO CHRONIC EFFECTS FROM SHORT AND LONG
TERM EXPOSURE:
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE:
POTENTIAL IMMEDIATE EFFECTS: NOT AVAILABLE.
POTENTIAL DELAYED EFFECTS: NOT AVAILABLE.
LONG TERM EXPOSURE:
POTENTIAL IMMEDIATE EFFECTS: NOT AVAILABLE.
POTENTIAL DELAYED EFFECTS: NOT AVAILABLE.
POTENTIAL CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS: NOT AVAILABLE.
GENERAL: CAUSES DAMAGE TO ORGANS THROUGH PROLONGED OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
CARCINOGENICITY: NO KNOWN SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OR CRITICAL HAZARDS.
MUTAGENICITY: NO KNOWN SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OR CRITICAL HAZARDS.
TERATOGENICITY: SUSPECTED OF DAMAGING THE UNBORN CHILD.
DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS: NO KNOWN SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OR CRITICAL HAZARDS.
FERTILITY EFFECTS: SUSPECTED OF DAMAGING FERTILITY.
NUMERICAL MEASURES OF TOXICITY:
ACUTE TOXICITY ESTIMATES: NOT AVAILABLE.
| SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION | |
TOXICITY:
PRODUCT/INGREDIENT RESULT SPECIES EXPOSURE
NAME
ACETONE ACUTE EC50: ALGAE - SELENASTRUM SP. 96 HOURS
7200000 (MICRO)G/L
FRESH WATER
ACUTE LC50: CRUSTACEANS - GAMMARUS 48 HOURS
6000000 (MICRO)G/L PULEX
FRESH WATER
ACUTE LC50: DAPHNIA - DAPHNIA 48 HOURS
6900 MG/L MAGNA
FRESH WATER
ACUTE LC50: FISH - POECILIA 96 HOURS
5600 PPM RETICULATA
FRESH WATER
CHRONIC NOEC: ALGAE - ULVA 96 HOURS
4.95 MG/L PERTUSA
MARINE WATER
CHRONIC NOEC: CRUSTACEANS - 21 DAYS
0.016 ML/L DAPHNIIDAE
FRESH WATER
CHRONIC NOEC: DAPHNIA - DAPHNIA 21 DAYS
0.1 ML/L MAGNA NEONATE
FRESH WATER
LT. ALIPHATIC ACUTE LC50: FISH - ONCORHYNCHUS 96 HOURS
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT >100000 PPM MYKISS
FRESH WATER
PERSISTENCE AND DEGRADABILITY:
PRODUCT/INGREDIENT NAME AQUATIC HALF-LIFE PHOTOLYSIS BIODEGRADABILITY
ACETONE READILY
BIOACCUMULATIVE POTENTIAL:
PRODUCT/INGREDIENT NAME LOGPOW BCF POTENTIAL
LIGHT ALIPHATIC 10 TO 2500 HIGH
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LIGHT ALIPHATIC 10 TO 2500 HIGH
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
LT. ALIPHATIC 10 TO 2500 HIGH
HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
MOBILITY IN SOIL
SOIL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KOC): NOT AVAILABLE.
OTHER ADVERSE EFFECTS: NO KNOWN SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OR CRITICAL HAZARDS.
| SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS | |
DISPOSAL METHODS:
THE GENERATION OF WASTE SHOULD BE AVOIDED OR MINIMIZED WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT, SOLUTIONS AND ANY BY-PRODUCTS SHOULD AT ALL TIMES
COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE DISPOSAL
LEGISLATION AND ANY REGIONAL LOCAL AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS. DISPOSE OF
SURPLUS AND NON-RECYCLABLE PRODUCTS VIA A LICENSED WASTE DISPOSAL
CONTRACTOR. WASTE SHOULD NOT BE DISPOSED OF UNTREATED TO THE SEWER UNLESS
FULLY COMPLIANT WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ALL AUTHORITIES WITH JURISDICTION.
WASTE PACKAGING SHOULD BE RECYCLED. INCINERATION OR LANDFILL SHOULD ONLY BE
CONSIDERED WHEN RECYCLING IS NOT FEASIBLE. THIS MATERIAL AND ITS CONTAINER
MUST BE DISPOSED OF IN A SAFE WAY. EMPTY CONTAINERS OR LINERS MAY RETAIN
SOME PRODUCT RESIDUES.
| SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION | |
DOT CLASSIFICATION TDG CLASSIFICATION MEXICO
CLASSIFICATION
UN NUMBER UN1950 UN1950 UN1950
UN PROPER AEROSOLS AEROSOLS AEROSOLS
SHIPPING
NAME
TRANSPORT 2.1 2.1 2.1
HAZARD FLAMMABLE GAS, CLASS 2.1, CLASS 2.1,
CLASS(ES) CLASS/DIVISION 2.1 FLAMMABLE GASES FLAMMABLE GASES
PACKING GROUP
ENVIRONMENTAL NO. NO. NO.
HAZARDS
ADDITIONAL PRODUCT CLASSIFIED
INFORMATION AS PER THE
FOLLOWING SECTIONS
OF THE
TRANSPORTATION OF
DANGEROUS GOODS
REGULATIONS:
2.13-2.17
(CLASS 2).
ERG NO.: 126 ERG NO.: 126 ERG NO.: 126
IATA IMDG
UN NUMBER UN1950 UN1950
UN PROPER AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
SHIPPING
NAME
TRANSPORT 2.1 2.1
HAZARD CLASS 2.1, FLAMMABLE GASES CLASS 2.1 - FLAMMABLE GASES
CLASS(ES)
PACKING GROUP
ENVIRONMENTAL NO. NO.
HAZARDS
ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY SCHEDULES (EMS):
INFORMATION F-D, S-U
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR USER:
MULTI-MODAL SHIPPING DESCRIPTIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES
AND DO NOT CONSIDER CONTAINER SIZES. THE PRESENCE OF A SHIPPING DESCRIPTION
FOR A PARTICULAR MODE OF TRANSPORT (SEA, AIR, ETC.), DOES NOT INDICATE THAT
THE PRODUCT IS PACKAGED SUITABLY FOR THAT MODE OF TRANSPORT. ALL PACKAGING
MUST BE REVIEWED FOR SUITABILITY PRIOR TO SHIPMENT, AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS IS THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PERSON OFFERING
THE PRODUCT FOR TRANSPORT. PEOPLE LOADING AND UNLOADING DANGEROUS GOODS
MUST BE TRAINED ON ALL OF THE RISKS DERIVING FROM THE SUBSTANCES AND ON ALL
ACTIONS IN CASE OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.
TRANSPORT IN BULK ACCORDING TO ANNEX II OF MARPOL AND THE IBC CODE:
NOT AVAILABLE.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: NOT AVAILABLE.
SHIP TYPE: NOT AVAILABLE.
POLLUTION CATEGORY: NOT AVAILABLE.
| SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION | |
SARA 313:
SARA 313 (40 CFR 372.45) SUPPLIER NOTIFICATION CAN BE FOUND ON THE
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SHEET.
CALIFORNIA PROP. 65:
WARNING:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE
CANCER AND BIRTH DEFECTS OR OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM.
| SECTION 16. OTHER INFORMATION | |
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (U.S.A.):
HEALTH 2
FLAMMABILITY 4
PHYSICAL HAZARDS 0
THE CUSTOMER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE PPE CODE FOR THIS MATERIAL.
CAUTION:
HMIS(R*) RATINGS ARE BASED ON A 0-4 RATING SCALE, WITH 0 REPRESENTING
MINIMAL HAZARDS OR RISKS, AND 4 REPRESENTING SIGNIFICANT HAZARDS OR RISKS
ALTHOUGH HMIS(R*) RATINGS ARE NOT REQUIRED ON SDSS UNDER 29 CFR 1910.1200,
THE PREPARER MAY CHOOSE TO PROVIDE THEM. HMIS(R*) RATINGS ARE TO BE USED
WITH A FULLY IMPLEMENTED HMIS(R*) PROGRAM. HMIS(R*) IS A REGISTERED MARK OF
THE NATIONAL PAINT & COATINGS ASSOCIATION (NPCA). HMIS(R*) MATERIALS MAY BE
PURCHASED EXCLUSIVELY FROM J. J. KELLER (800) 327-6868.
PROCEDURE USED TO DERIVE THE CLASSIFICATION:
CLASSIFICATION JUSTIFICATION
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS - CATEGORY 1 ON BASIS OF TEST DATA
GASES UNDER PRESSURE - COMPRESSED GAS CALCULATION METHOD
SERIOUS EYE DAMAGE/ EYE IRRITATION - CATEGORY 2A CALCULATION METHOD
TOXIC TO REPRODUCTION (FERTILITY) - CATEGORY 2 CALCULATION METHOD
TOXIC TO REPRODUCTION (UNBORN CHILD) - CATEGORY 2 CALCULATION METHOD
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE) CALCULATION METHOD
(RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION) - CATEGORY 3
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE) CALCULATION METHOD
(NARCOTIC EFFECTS) - CATEGORY 3
SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (REPEATED EXPOSURE) - CALCULATION METHOD
CATEGORY 1
HISTORY:
DATE OF PRINTING: 3/21/2017
DATE OF ISSUE/DATE OF REVISION: 3/21/2017
DATE OF PREVIOUS ISSUE: NO PREVIOUS VALIDATION
VERSION: 1
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS:
ATE: ACUTE TOXICITY ESTIMATE
BCF: BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR
GHS: GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING OF CHEMICALS
IATA: INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION
IBC: INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINER
IMDG: INTERNATIONAL MARITIME DANGEROUS GOODS
LOGPOW: LOGARITHM OF THE OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
MARPOL:
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS, 1973
AS MODIFIED BY THE PROTOCOL OF 1978. ("MARPOL" = MARINE POLLUTION)
UN: UNITED NATIONS
NOTICE TO READER:
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT EACH CUSTOMER OR RECIPIENT OF THIS SAFETY DATA SHEET
(SDS) STUDY IT CAREFULLY AND CONSULT RESOURCES, AS NECESSARY OR
APPROPRIATE, TO BECOME AWARE OF AND UNDERSTAND THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS
SDS AND ANY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRODUCT. THIS INFORMATION IS
PROVIDED IN GOOD FAITH AND BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE AS OF THE EFFECTIVE DATE
HEREIN. HOWEVER, NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS GIVEN. THE INFORMATION
PRESENTED HERE APPLIES ONLY TO THE PRODUCT AS SHIPPED. THE ADDITION OF ANY
MATERIAL CAN CHANGE THE COMPOSITION, HAZARDS AND RISKS OF THE PRODUCT.
PRODUCTS SHALL NOT BE REPACKAGED, MODIFIED, OR TINTED EXCEPT AS
SPECIFICALLY INSTRUCTED BY SHERWIN-WILLIAMS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
THE INCORPORATION OF NON SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PRODUCTS OR THE USE OR ADDITION
OF PRODUCTS IN PROPORTIONS NOT SPECIFIED BY SHERWIN-WILLIAMS. REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY DIFFER BETWEEN VARIOUS LOCATIONS
AND JURISDICTIONS. THE CUSTOMER/BUYER/USER IS RESPONSIBLE TO ENSURE THAT
HIS ACTIVITIES COMPLY WITH ALL COUNTRY, FEDERAL, STATE, PROVINCIAL OR LOCAL
LAWS. THE CONDITIONS FOR USE OF THE PRODUCT ARE NOT UNDER THE CONTROL OF
THE MANUFACTURER; THE CUSTOMER/BUYER/USER IS RESPONSIBLE TO DETERMINE THE
CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE SAFE USE OF THIS PRODUCT. THE
CUSTOMER/BUYER/USER SHOULD NOT USE THE PRODUCT FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN
THE PURPOSE SHOWN IN THE APPLICABLE SECTION OF THIS SDS WITHOUT FIRST
REFERRING TO THE SUPPLIER AND OBTAINING WRITTEN HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS. DUE
TO THE PROLIFERATION OF SOURCES FOR INFORMATION SUCH AS
MANUFACTURER-SPECIFIC SDS, THE MANUFACTURER CANNOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR SDSS
OBTAINED FROM ANY OTHER SOURCE.