| Common Name: | ENAMEL 1-GL 2PK FLAT RUST INHIBITVE PRMR, 960402 |
| Manufacturer: | RUST-OLEUM |
| SDS Revision Date: | 8/7/2018 |
| SDS Format: | GHS-US |
| Item Number(s): | 5A270 |
| Manufacturer Model Number(s): |
SDS Table of Contents
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DATE PRINTED: 8/8/2018
SAFETY DATA SHEET
RUST-OLEUM CORPORATION
TRUSTED QUALITY SINCE 1921
WWW.RUSTOLEUM.COM
| 1. IDENTIFICATION |  |
PRODUCT NAME: ENAMEL 1-GL 2PK FLAT RUST INHIBITVE PRMR
PRODUCT IDENTIFIER: 960402
RECOMMENDED USE: PRIMER/ALKYD
REVISION DATE: 8/7/2018
SUPERCEDES DATE: 1/15/2018
SUPPLIER:
RUST-OLEUM CORPORATION
11 HAWTHORN PARKWAY
VERNON HILLS, IL 60061
USA
RUST-OLEUM CANADA (ROCA)
200 CONFEDERATION PARKWAY
CONCORD, ON L4K 4T8
CANADA
EMERGENCY PHONE: 800-387-3625
MANUFACTURER:
RUST-OLEUM CORPORATION
11 HAWTHORN PARKWAY
VERNON HILLS, IL 60061
USA
PREPARER: REGULATORY DEPARTMENT
EMERGENCY TELEPHONE:
24 HOUR HOTLINE: 847-367-7700
| 2. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION | |
CLASSIFICATION:
SYMBOL(S) OF PRODUCT:
FLAME
EXCLAMATION MARK
HEALTH HAZARD
SIGNAL WORD: DANGER
POSSIBLE HAZARDS:
69% OF THE MIXTURE CONSISTS OF INGREDIENT(S) OF UNKNOWN ACUTE TOXICITY.
GHS HAZARD STATEMENTS:
FLAMMABLE LIQUID, CATEGORY 3:
H226: FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOUR.
GERM CELL MUTAGENICITY, CATEGORY 1B:
H340: MAY CAUSE GENETIC DEFECTS.
CARCINOGENICITY, CATEGORY 1B:
H350: MAY CAUSE CANCER.
SKIN SENSITIZER, CATEGORY 1:
H317: MAY CAUSE AN ALLERGIC SKIN REACTION.
GHS LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS:
P210:
KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, HOT SURFACES, SPARKS, OPEN FLAMES AND OTHER IGNITION
SOURCES. NO SMOKING.
P233: KEEP CONTAINER TIGHTLY CLOSED.
P280:
WEAR PROTECTIVE GLOVES/PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/EYE PROTECTION/FACE PROTECTION.
P303+P361+P353:
IF ON SKIN (OR HAIR):
TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY ALL CONTAMINATED CLOTHING. RINSE SKIN WITH
WATER/SHOWER.
P370+P378:
IN CASE OF FIRE:
USE ALCOHOL FILM FORMING FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL, DRY SAND TO
EXTINGUISH.
P403+P235: STORE IN A WELL-VENTILATED PLACE. KEEP COOL.
P501:
DISPOSE OF CONTENTS/CONTAINER IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL, REGIONAL AND
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
P201: OBTAIN SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE.
P308+P313:
IF EXPOSED OR CONCERNED: GET MEDICAL ADVICE/ATTENTION.
P405: STORE LOCKED UP.
P261: AVOID BREATHING DUST/FUME/GAS/MIST/VAPORS/SPRAY.
P272:
CONTAMINATED WORK CLOTHING SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED OUT OF THE WORKPLACE.
P302+P352:
IF ON SKIN: WASH WITH PLENTY OF SOAP AND WATER.
P333+P313:
IF SKIN IRRITATION OR RASH OCCURS: GET MEDICAL ADVICE/ATTENTION.
P321: FOR SPECIFIC TREATMENT SEE LABEL
GHS SDS PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS:
P240: GROUND/BOND CONTAINER AND RECEIVING EQUIPMENT.
P241: USE EXPLOSION-PROOF ELECTRICAL/VENTILATING/LIGHTING/EQUIPMENT.
P242: USE ONLY NON-SPARKING TOOLS.
P243: TAKE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AGAINST STATIC DISCHARGE.
P363: WASH CONTAMINATED CLOTHING BEFORE REUSE.
| 3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS | |
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES:
CHEMICAL NAME CAS-NO. WT.% GHS SYMBOLS GHS STATEMENTS
HYDROTREATED LIGHT 64742-47-8 34 GHS08 H304
DISTILLATE
HYDROUS MAGNESIUM 14807-96-6 28 NOT AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE
SILICATE
C.I. PIGMENT YELLOW 36 37300-23-5 7.0 NOT AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE
SOLVENT NAPHTHA, 64742-95-6 0.4 GHS07-GHS08 H304-332-340-
LIGHT AROMATIC 350
METHYL ETHYL KETOXIME 96-29-7 0.3 GHS05-GHS06- H302-312-317-
GHS08 318-331-351
| 4. FIRST-AID MEASURES | |
FIRST AID - EYE CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY FLUSH EYES WITH PLENTY OF WATER FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES HOLDING
EYELIDS OPEN. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION. DO NOT ALLOW RUBBING OF EYES OR
KEEPING EYES CLOSED.
FIRST AID - SKIN CONTACT:
WASH SKIN WITH SOAP AND WATER. REMOVE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING. GET MEDICAL
ATTENTION IF IRRITATION DEVELOPS OR PERSISTS.
FIRST AID - INHALATION:
REMOVE TO FRESH AIR. IF NOT BREATHING, GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION. IF
BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE OXYGEN. GET IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION. DO
NOT USE MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION. IF YOU EXPERIENCE DIFFICULTY IN
BREATHING, LEAVE THE AREA TO OBTAIN FRESH AIR. IF CONTINUED DIFFICULTY
IS EXPERIENCED, GET MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IMMEDIATELY.
FIRST AID - INGESTION:
ASPIRATION HAZARD:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING OR GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH BECAUSE THIS MATERIAL
CAN ENTER THE LUNGS AND CAUSE SEVERE LUNG DAMAGE. GET IMMEDIATE MEDICAL
ATTENTION. IF SWALLOWED, GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
| 5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES | |
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
ALCOHOL FILM FORMING FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL, DRY SAND, WATER
FOG
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS:
KEEP CONTAINERS TIGHTLY CLOSED. NO UNUSUAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS NOTED.
CLOSED CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE WHEN EXPOSED TO EXTREME HEAT DUE TO BUILDUP
OF STEAM. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID AND VAPOR.
SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES:
WATER MAY BE USED TO COOL CLOSED CONTAINERS TO PREVENT PRESSURE BUILDUP
AND POSSIBLE AUTOIGNITION OR EXPLOSION. EVACUATE AREA AND FIGHT FIRE FROM
A SAFE DISTANCE. USE WATER SPRAY TO KEEP FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS COOL.
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE WHEN HEATED.
SPECIAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD (COMBUSTIBLE DUST): NO INFORMATION
| 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES | |
STEPS TO BE TAKEN IF MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED:
CONTAIN SPILLED LIQUID WITH SAND OR EARTH. DO NOT USE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
SUCH AS SAWDUST. DISPOSE OF ACCORDING TO LOCAL, STATE (PROVINCIAL) AND
FEDERAL REGULATIONS. DO NOT INCINERATE CLOSED CONTAINERS. REMOVE ALL
SOURCES OF IGNITION, VENTILATE AREA AND REMOVE WITH INERT ABSORBENT AND
NON-SPARKING TOOLS.
| 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE | |
HANDLING:
WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING. WASH HANDS BEFORE EATING. FOLLOW ALL SDS
AND LABEL PRECAUTIONS EVEN AFTER CONTAINER IS EMPTIED BECAUSE IT MAY RETAIN
PRODUCT RESIDUES. AVOID BREATHING FUMES, VAPORS, OR MIST. AVOID CONTACT
WITH EYES. REMOVE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING AND LAUNDER BEFORE REUSE. USE ONLY
WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES, SKIN AND CLOTHING.
STORAGE:
KEEP CONTAINERS TIGHTLY CLOSED. ISOLATE FROM HEAT, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT,
SPARKS AND OPEN FLAME. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, FLAME AND SOURCES OF
IGNITION. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED WHEN NOT IN USE. STORE IN A DRY, WELL
VENTILATED PLACE. KEEP CONTAINER TIGHTLY CLOSED WHEN NOT IN USE. AVOID
EXCESS HEAT.
ADVICE ON SAFE HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE DUST: NO INFORMATION
| 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION | |
CHEMICAL NAME CAS-NO. WEIGHT % LESS THAN
HYDROTREATED LIGHT DISTILLATE 64742-47-8 35.0
HYDROUS MAGNESIUM SILICATE 14807-96-6 30.0
C.I. PIGMENT YELLOW 36 37300-23-5 10.0
SOLVENT NAPHTHA, LIGHT AROMATIC 64742-95-6 1.0
METHYL ETHYL KETOXIME 96-29-7 1.0
CHEMICAL NAME ACGIH ACGIH OSHA OSHA
TLV-TWA TLV-STEL PEL-TWA PEL-CEILING
HYDROTREATED LIGHT N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E.
DISTILLATE
HYDROUS MAGNESIUM 2 MG/M3 N.E. N.E. N.E.
SILICATE
C.I. PIGMENT YELLOW 36 N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E.
SOLVENT NAPHTHA, N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E.
LIGHT AROMATIC
METHYL ETHYL KETOXIME 10 PPM N.E. N.E. N.E.
PERSONAL PROTECTION:
ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
USE PROCESS ENCLOSURES, LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION, OR OTHER ENGINEERING
CONTROLS TO CONTROL AIRBORNE LEVELS BELOW RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS.
PREVENT BUILD-UP OF VAPORS BY OPENING ALL DOORS AND WINDOWS TO ACHIEVE
CROSS-VENTILATION.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION:
A RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM THAT MEETS OSHA 1910.134 AND ANSI Z88.2
REQUIREMENTS MUST BE FOLLOWED WHENEVER WORKPLACE CONDITIONS WARRANT A
RESPIRATOR'S USE. A NIOSH/MSHA APPROVED AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR WITH AN
ORGANIC VAPOR CARTRIDGE OR CANISTER MAY BE PERMISSIBLE UNDER CERTAIN
CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE AIRBORNE CONCENTRATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO EXCEED
EXPOSURE LIMITS.
PROTECTION PROVIDED BY AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS IS LIMITED. USE A
POSITIVE PRESSURE AIR SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR IF THERE IS ANY POTENTIAL FOR
AN UNCONTROLLED RELEASE, EXPOSURE LEVELS ARE NOT KNOWN, OR IN ANY OTHER
CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS MAY NOT PROVIDE ADEQUATE
PROTECTION.
SKIN PROTECTION:
USE IMPERVIOUS GLOVES TO PREVENT SKIN CONTACT AND ABSORPTION OF THIS
MATERIAL THROUGH THE SKIN. NITRILE OR NEOPRENE GLOVES MAY AFFORD ADEQUATE
SKIN PROTECTION. USE GLOVES TO PREVENT PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT.
EYE PROTECTION:
USE SAFETY EYEWEAR DESIGNED TO PROTECT AGAINST SPLASH OF LIQUIDS.
OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
REFER TO SAFETY SUPERVISOR OR INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND ITS APPLICATION. REFER TO
SAFETY SUPERVISOR OR INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST FOR FURTHER GUIDANCE REGARDING
TYPES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS.
HYGIENIC PRACTICES:
WASH THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP AND WATER BEFORE EATING, DRINKING OR SMOKING.
REMOVE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING IMMEDIATELY AND LAUNDER BEFORE REUSE.
ENGINEERING MEASURES FOR COMBUSTIBLE DUST: NO INFORMATION
| 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | |
APPEARANCE: LIQUID
PHYSICAL STATE: LIQUID
ODOR: SOLVENT LIKE
ODOR THRESHOLD: N.E.
RELATIVE DENSITY: 1.259
PH: N.A.
FREEZE POINT, DEG. C: N.D.
VISCOSITY: N.D.
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: SLIGHT
PARTITION COEFFICIENT, N-OCTANOL/WATER: N.D.
DECOMPOSITION TEMP., DEG. C: N.D.
BOILING RANGE, DEG. C: 100 - 537
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS, VOL%: 1.0 - 7.0
FLAMMABILITY: SUPPORTS COMBUSTION
FLASH POINT, DEG. C: 39
EVAPORATION RATE: SLOWER THAN ETHER
AUTO-IGNITION TEMP., DEG. C: N.D.
VAPOR DENSITY: HEAVIER THAN AIR
VAPOR PRESSURE: N.D.
(SEE "OTHER INFORMATION" SECTION FOR ABBREVIATION LEGEND)
| 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY | |
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: AVOID ALL POSSIBLE SOURCES OF IGNITION.
INCOMPATIBILITY:
INCOMPATIBLE WITH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS, STRONG ACIDS AND STRONG
ALKALIES.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION:
BY OPEN FLAME, CARBON MONOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE. WHEN HEATED TO
DECOMPOSITION, IT EMITS ACRID SMOKE AND IRRITATING FUMES. CONTAINS SOLVENTS
WHICH MAY FORM CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND FORMALDEHYDE.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: WILL NOT OCCUR UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS.
STABILITY: THIS PRODUCT IS STABLE UNDER NORMAL STORAGE CONDITIONS.
| 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION | |
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - EYE CONTACT:
CAUSES EYE IRRITATION. SUBSTANCE CAUSES MODERATE EYE IRRITATION.
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - SKIN CONTACT:
MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION. SUBSTANCE MAY CAUSE SLIGHT SKIN IRRITATION.
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - INHALATION:
HARMFUL IF INHALED. MAY CAUSE HEADACHES AND DIZZINESS. HIGH VAPOR
CONCENTRATIONS ARE IRRITATING TO THE EYES, NOSE, THROAT AND LUNGS. HIGH
GAS, VAPOR, MIST OR DUST CONCENTRATIONS MAY BE HARMFUL IF INHALED. AVOID
BREATHING FUMES, SPRAY, VAPORS, OR MIST. PROLONGED OR EXCESSIVE INHALATION
MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION.
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - INGESTION:
ASPIRATION HAZARD IF SWALLOWED; CAN ENTER LUNGS AND CAUSE DAMAGE.
IRRITATING TO THE NOSE, THROAT AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. HARMFUL IF
SWALLOWED.
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - CHRONIC HAZARDS:
REPORTS HAVE ASSOCIATED REPEATED AND PROLONGED OCCUPATIONAL OVEREXPOSURE
TO SOLVENTS WITH PERMANENT BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE.
PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY:
EYE CONTACT, INGESTION, INHALATION, SKIN ABSORPTION, SKIN CONTACT
ACUTE TOXICITY VALUES:
THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF THIS PRODUCT HAVE NOT BEEN TESTED. DATA ON INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS ARE TABULATED BELOW:
CAS-NO. CHEMICAL NAME ORAL LD50 DERMAL LD50 VAPOR LC50
64742-47-8 HYDROTREATED LIGHT >5000 MG/KG >2000 MG/KG >5000 MG/L
DISTILLATE RAT RABBIT RAT
14807-96-6 HYDROUS MAGNESIUM 6000 N.E. 30
SILICATE
64742-95-6 SOLVENT NAPHTHA, 8400 MG/KG >2000 MG/KG N.E.
LIGHT AROMATIC RAT RABBIT
96-29-7 METHYL ETHYL 930 MG/KG 1100 MG/KG >4.8 MG/L
KETOXIME RAT RABBIT RAT
N.E. - NOT ESTABLISHED
| 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION | |
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
PRODUCT IS A MIXTURE OF LISTED COMPONENTS. PRODUCT IS A MIXTURE OF LISTED
COMPONENTS.
| 13. DISPOSAL INFORMATION | |
DISPOSAL INFORMATION:
DISPOSE OF MATERIAL IN ACCORDANCE TO LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS
AND ORDINANCES. DO NOT ALLOW TO ENTER WATERWAYS, WASTEWATER, SOIL, STORM
DRAINS OR SEWER SYSTEMS. DO NOT INCINERATE CLOSED CONTAINERS.
| 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION | |
DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL AIR (IATA) TDG (CANADA)
(USDOT) (IMDG)
UN NUMBER N.A. 1263 1263 N.A.
PROPER NOT REGULATED PAINT PAINT NOT REGULATED
SHIPPING NAME
HAZARD CLASS N.A. 3 3 N.A.
PACKING GROUP N.A. III III N.A.
LIMITED NO YES, >5L NO YES, >5L NO NO
QUANTITY
| 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION | |
U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS:
CERCLA - SARA HAZARD CATEGORY:
THIS PRODUCT HAS BEEN REVIEWED ACCORDING TO THE EPA 'HAZARD CATEGORIES'
PROMULGATED UNDER SECTIONS 311 AND 312 OF THE SUPERFUND AMENDMENT AND
REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1986 (SARA TITLE III) AND IS CONSIDERED, UNDER
APPLICABLE DEFINITIONS, TO MEET THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES:
FLAMMABLE (GASES, AEROSOLS, LIQUIDS, OR SOLIDS), CARCINOGENICITY,
RESPIRATORY OR SKIN SENSITIZATION, GERM CELL MUTAGENICITY
SARA SECTION 313:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCES SUBJECT TO THE REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 313 OF TITLE III OF THE SUPERFUND AMENDMENT AND
REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1986 AND 40 CFR PART 372:
NO SARA 313 COMPONENTS EXIST IN THIS PRODUCT.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES SUBJECT TO THE
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF TSCA 12(B) IF EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES:
NO TSCA 12(B) COMPONENTS EXIST IN THIS PRODUCT.
| 16. OTHER INFORMATION | |
HMIS RATINGS:
HEALTH 2*
FLAMMABILITY 2
PHYSICAL HAZARD 0
PERSONAL PROTECTION X
NFPA RATINGS:
HEALTH 2
FLAMMABILITY 2
INSTABILITY 0
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: 441 G/L
SDS REVISION DATE: 8/7/2018
REASON FOR REVISION:
REVISION DESCRIPTION CHANGED
SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS FLAG CHANGED
SUBSTANCE HAZARD THRESHOLD % CHANGED
SUBSTANCE AND/OR PRODUCT PROPERTIES CHANGED IN SECTION(S):
02 - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
03 - COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
08 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
16 - OTHER INFORMATION
SUBSTANCE CHEMICAL NAME CHANGED
REVISION STATEMENT(S) CHANGED
LEGEND:
N.A. - NOT APPLICABLE
N.E. - NOT ESTABLISHED
N.D. - NOT DETERMINED
THE MANUFACTURER BELIEVES, TO THE BEST OF ITS KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION AND
BELIEF, THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN TO BE ACCURATE AND RELIABLE AS OF
THE DATE OF THIS SAFETY DATA SHEET. HOWEVER, BECAUSE THE CONDITIONS OF
HANDLING, USE, AND STORAGE OF THESE MATERIALS ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL, WE
ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY
DAMAGE INCURRED BY THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS. THE MANUFACTURER MAKES NO
WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF
THE DATA OR RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THEIR USE. ALL MATERIALS MAY PRESENT
UNKNOWN HAZARDS AND SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION. THE INFORMATION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ARE OFFERED FOR THE
USERS' CONSIDERATION AND EXAMINATION. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER
TO DETERMINE THE FINAL SUITABILITY OF THIS INFORMATION AND TO COMPLY WITH
ALL APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL, FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL LAWS AND
REGULATIONS.